STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) are a family of conserved transcription factors that transduce high-fidelity signals for the cytokine family of ligands and receptors as the principle substrates of JAK kinases. In resting cells, the STATs exist in an inactive state in the cytoplasm until activated. Activators include cytokines, growth factors, and some peptides. These activate JAK kinases, which when activated, bind to the STAT SH2 (Src homology domain-2) domain resulting in phosphorylation of STAT. Upon activation, STAT1, -3, -4, -5A, and -5B all form homodimers. STAT1 and STAT2, as well as STAT1 and STAT3 form heterodimers, and several STATs form tetramers, depending on the variables of the activating ligand. After dimerization, the STATs accumulate in the nucleus by way of nuclear transport. STAT5A and STAT5B appear to be most important to the function of growth hormone and prolactin and play critical roles in milk production. The phosphorylation of Tyrosine 694/699 is a hallmark of activated STAT5.
Applications:
Suitable for use in Flow Cytometry, Western Blot, Immunoprecipitation, Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry. Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution:
Flow Cytometry: 1:10
Western Blot: 1:1000
Immunohistochemistry (paraffin): 1:100-250
Immunocytochemistry: 1:100
Immunoprecipitation: 1:80
Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Positive Control:
A431 cell lysate
Storage and Stability:
May be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
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