Members of the Smad family of signal transduction molecules are components of a critical intracellular pathway that transmit TGF-B signals from the cell surface into the nucleus. Three distinct classes of Smads have been defined: the receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads), which include Smad1, 2, 3, 5 and 8; the common-mediator Smad (co-Smad), Smad4; and the antagonistic or inhibitory Smads (I-Smads), Smad6 and 7 (1-5). Activated type I receptors associate with specific R-Smads and phosphorylate them on a conserved carboxy-terminal SSXS motif. The phosphorylated R-Smad dissociates from the receptor and forms a heteromeric complex with the co-Smad (Smad4), allowing translocation of the complex to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, Smads can target a variety of DNA binding proteins to regulate transcriptional responses (6-8).
Applications:
Suitable for use in Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot and Immunoprecipitation. Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution:
Immunofluorescence (IF-IC): 1:50
Flow Cytometry: 1:200
Western Blot: 1:1000 Incubate membrane with diluted antibody in 5% BSA, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween-20 at 4 degrees C with gentle shaking, overnight.
Immunoprecipitation: 1:50
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: 1:50
Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Storage and Stability:
May be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.