Signaling events leading to transcriptional activation initiated by members of the TGF-beta superfamily are known to be mediated by SMAD proteins. Biological activities mediated by SMADs include cell growth and morphogenesis, development, and immune response. Activation by TGF-b is mediated by Smad2 and Smad3 while activation by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is mediated by Smad1 and Smad5. In contrast to the activating effects of these Smad proteins, Smad6 and Smad7, whose expression is also induced by ligand binding, appear to function as negative regulators of TGF-b superfamily signaling pathways.
Applications:
Suitable for use in Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry. Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution:
Western Blot: 2-4ug/ml
Immunohistochemistry (Formalin fixed paraffin embedded): 5ug/ml
Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Storage and Stability:
May be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.