Smad1 (MADR1, Small Mothers Against Decapentaplegic Deleted in Pancreatic Carcinoma)

SMAD1 is also known Mothers Against Decapentaplegic homolog 1, Mothers against DPP homolog 1, hSMAD-3, JV4-1, Transforming growth factor-Beta-Signaling Protein 1 or BSP1. SMAD proteins are signal transducers and transcriptional modulators that mediate multiple signaling pathways. SMAD1, as a transcriptional modulator, is activated by BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Protein) type 1 receptor kinase (it is a receptor-regulated SMAD or R-SMAD). BMPs are involved in a range of biological activities including cell growth, apoptosis, morphogenesis, development and immune responses. SMAD proteins have been implicated as downstream effectors of TGF beta/BMP signaling. In response to BMP ligands, SMAD1 can be phosphorylated (other sites besides the most prominent of S206, are S187, S195, and S214). S-206 is phosphorylated by ERK in response to mitogenic growth factors, or by recombinant ERK in vitro; this can be tested by treating cells with EGF or in cancer cells where Ras is activated. The phosphorylated form of this protein forms a complex with SMAD4, which is important for its function in the transcription regulation. This protein is also a target for SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as SMURF1 and SMURF2, and undergoes ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. Applications: Suitable for use in ELISA and Western Blot. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: ELISA: 1:25,000-1:30,000 Western Blot: 1:500 Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage and to avoid repeated freezing and thawing, aliquot and store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.