anti-Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) antibody: Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative helical bacteria. It is characterized for synthetize urease, an enzyme which protects from the gastric acids. Microorganisms are placed either superficially and/or inside pyloric cells from the stomach mucosa. Nowadays, this bacteria is known as an important cause of gastrointestinal diseases. Its infection is characterized for chronic atrophic gastritis, peptide ulcer and gastro duodenal reflows. Also, the infection is related with lymphomas, gastric adenocarcinomas and lymphoid hyperplasia (MALT lymphoma). The bacteria can persist for years. In most of cases infection remains asymptomatic for a long period of time, but the stomach mucosa does change. This causes chronic inflammation and later actives chronic gastritis which can causes stomach and duodenal ulcer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a complex technique in which immunological and histological detection methods are combined. In general, the manipulation and processing of tissues before immunostaining, especially different types of tissue fixation and embedding, as well as the nature of the tissues themselves may cause inconsistent results (Nadji and Morales, 1983). Endogenous pseudoperoxidase and peroxidase activity or endogenous biotin and alkaline phosphatase activity can cause non-specific staining results depending on the detection system used. Tissues that contain Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) can produce false positives when using HRP detection systems (Omata et al, 1980). Insufficient contrast staining and/or improper mounting of the sample may influence the interpretation of results.
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