LOX-1 is a single-pass type II membrane protein (~45kD) and belongs to the C-type lectin-like protein superfamily. LOX-1 is expressed at high level in endothelial cells and vascular-rich organs such as placenta, lung, liver, brain aortic intima, bone marrow, spinal cord and substantia nigra. It is also expressed on the surface of dendritic cells.
This unique scavenger receptor LOX-1 plays important roles in atherogenesis. LOX-1 mediates the recognition, internalization and degradation of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) by vascular endothelial cells. OxLDL is a marker of atherosclerosis, inducing vascular endothelial cell activation and dysfunction, resulting in pro-inflammatory responses, pro-oxidative conditions and apoptosis. LOX-1 associates with OxLDL inducing the activation of NF-kappa-B through an increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen and a variety of pro-atherogenic cellular responses including a reduction of nitric oxide (NO) release, monocyte adhesion and apoptosis. In addition to binding OxLDL, LOX-1 acts as a receptor for the HSP70 protein involved in antigen cross-presentation to naive T-cells in dendritic cells, thereby participating in cell-mediated antigen cross-presentation. LOX-1 is involved in the inflammatory process, by acting as a leukocyte-adhesion molecule at the vascular interface in endotoxin-induced inflammation. LOX-1 also acts as a receptor for advanced glycation end (AGE) products, activated platelets, monocytes, apoptotic cells and both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
The LOX-1 gene is a so-called immediate early gene that is dynamically modulated by several factors in vitro and in vivo. LOX-1 expression is induced by stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, OxLDL, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, and ANG II in vitro, and several proatherogenic factors in vivo.
Applications:
Suitable for use in Flow Cytometry and Functional Studies. Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilutions:
Flow Cytometry: 1:50; Used on peripheral blood myeloid DC and macrophages.
Functional Studies: Antibody completely prevented HSP70 binding to LOX-1-CHO but not mock-transfected CHO cells (1).
Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Recommended Positive Control:
Human APCs
Storage and Stability:
May be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. FITC conjugates are sensitive to light.
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