alpha-Gal Epitope (Gala1-3Galb1-4GlcNAc-R)

Widely described antibody against alpha-galactose residues with broad cross-reactivity among different species. Useful for measuring the alpha-Gal epitope expression on cells, glycolipids and glycoproteins, characterization of hyperacute rejection (HAR) in organ and tissue transplantations and monitoring xenotransplantation experiments. The IgM isotype mimics in vivo reactions and can be used for cytotoxicity assays for alpha -Gal specific pathways (addition or presence of complement necessary). Ideal as a high-throughput screening tool for inhibitors of antibody induced cytotoxicity. Organ transplantation from pig to human result in HAR. Humans naturally produce large quantities of anti-alpha-Gal antibodies, which represent 1-3% of all circulating immunoglobulins and are produced by about 1% of all B cells. When pig organs or tissues are transplanted into the human body, the IgM isotype of anti-Gal binds to alpha-Gal epitopes, which causes activation of the complement cascade, resulting in cell lysis. This rapid activation of complement by anti-Gal IgM is an immunological barrier that poses the greatest risk of initiating HAR. Applications: Suitable for use in Flow Cytometry, ELISA, Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry and Functional Studies (can be used for cytotoxicity assays for alpha-Gal specific pathways). Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilutions: ELISA: 1:5 Western Blot: 1:5 Flow Cytometry: 1:5 Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin): 1:5 Note: Do not use non-fat milk for blocking. Many blocking agents from non-human mammal sources will crossreact with the antibody. Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.